Share of women inventors, OECD
percent, 1980–2015
| Country | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | 4.70 | 4.20 | 4.20 | 4.00 | 4.80 | 4.10 | 4.70 | 4.70 | 5.30 | 5.30 | 5.60 | 5.60 | 6.30 | 6.70 | 7.40 | 8.30 | 8.00 | 8.90 | 8.40 | 11.30 | 11.20 | 12.80 | 12.00 | 13.60 | 13.60 | 13.10 | 12.30 | 13.30 | 13.90 | 13.60 | 12.40 | 11.20 | 10.30 | 9.50 | 9.60 | 9.80 |
| Austria | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.70 | 1.70 | 2.10 | 2.10 | 2.10 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.20 | 2.10 | 2.10 | 2.40 | 2.90 | 2.90 | 2.90 | 3.20 | 3.90 | 3.80 | 3.80 | 3.60 | 4.10 | 4.40 | 4.50 | 4.50 | 4.10 | 4.20 | 4.50 | 4.90 | 5.30 | 5.30 | 5.40 | 5.20 | 5.10 | 5.10 | 5.00 |
| Belgium | 2.90 | 3.60 | 4.20 | 4.00 | 3.90 | 4.20 | 4.90 | 4.80 | 5.20 | 5.40 | 6.20 | 6.40 | 7.40 | 7.90 | 8.50 | 8.80 | 8.90 | 9.40 | 9.30 | 10.80 | 11.10 | 11.50 | 10.50 | 10.10 | 10.10 | 10.30 | 11.30 | 11.60 | 11.80 | 12.00 | 12.00 | 12.40 | 12.00 | 11.50 | 10.80 | 10.80 |
| Canada | 5.40 | 5.40 | 5.50 | 5.40 | 5.10 | 5.00 | 5.20 | 5.60 | 6.00 | 6.60 | 6.90 | 7.00 | 7.20 | 7.70 | 8.20 | 8.30 | 8.50 | 8.90 | 9.40 | 9.90 | 10.10 | 10.20 | 10.40 | 10.50 | 10.70 | 11.00 | 11.90 | 11.90 | 11.70 | 11.60 | 11.30 | 11.20 | 10.90 | 10.90 | 10.80 | 10.80 |
| Chile | .. | 17.10 | 5.70 | 5.70 | 4.20 | 3.50 | 7.90 | 8.70 | 11.70 | 5.80 | 12.20 | 10.10 | 9.40 | 3.30 | 6.10 | 7.90 | 10.00 | 13.30 | 11.30 | 11.40 | 5.30 | 8.50 | 8.70 | 9.00 | 6.80 | 5.90 | 8.70 | 11.80 | 13.60 | 13.20 | 10.30 | 10.80 | 11.00 | 12.70 | 13.60 | 14.60 |
| Czechia | 2.90 | 3.50 | 4.50 | 4.50 | 6.30 | 5.70 | 6.40 | 4.90 | 6.00 | 7.20 | 7.60 | 7.70 | 7.20 | 7.50 | 6.70 | 7.00 | 6.70 | 6.60 | 6.00 | 6.10 | 6.30 | 6.60 | 7.20 | 7.80 | 8.30 | 7.90 | 7.30 | 7.60 | 7.70 | 8.40 | 8.80 | 9.40 | 10.10 | 10.00 | 10.70 | 10.30 |
| Denmark | 2.50 | 2.30 | 2.30 | 2.70 | 3.20 | 4.00 | 4.50 | 4.80 | 4.70 | 5.00 | 5.10 | 5.90 | 6.10 | 7.10 | 7.30 | 7.50 | 8.20 | 8.60 | 8.50 | 7.80 | 7.30 | 8.10 | 8.70 | 10.00 | 10.20 | 10.50 | 10.20 | 10.30 | 10.50 | 10.50 | 10.00 | 9.70 | 10.00 | 10.10 | 10.40 | 10.10 |
| Estonia | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 7.80 | 8.00 | 12.90 | 14.80 | 16.60 | 13.80 | 13.90 | 13.20 | 11.10 | 6.80 | 4.60 | 5.20 | 7.50 | 8.40 | 9.30 | 10.30 | 10.20 | 9.50 | 10.00 | 11.40 | 12.60 | 12.30 | 13.70 | 12.50 | 13.20 | 13.20 | 13.00 | 13.60 | 13.30 |
| Finland | 2.50 | 2.50 | 2.20 | 2.10 | 2.60 | 2.90 | 3.60 | 3.80 | 4.20 | 4.30 | 5.10 | 5.30 | 5.60 | 5.10 | 5.70 | 5.60 | 5.70 | 5.60 | 5.90 | 6.50 | 6.80 | 7.10 | 7.20 | 7.50 | 7.50 | 7.60 | 8.10 | 8.20 | 8.30 | 8.10 | 7.60 | 7.80 | 8.00 | 8.50 | 8.60 | 8.50 |
| France | 3.20 | 3.30 | 3.50 | 3.80 | 4.10 | 4.60 | 4.90 | 5.20 | 5.20 | 5.40 | 5.50 | 6.20 | 6.60 | 7.40 | 8.20 | 9.00 | 9.20 | 9.50 | 9.70 | 10.30 | 10.60 | 11.00 | 11.50 | 11.90 | 12.20 | 12.10 | 12.10 | 12.10 | 12.20 | 12.20 | 12.30 | 12.40 | 12.20 | 12.20 | 12.10 | 12.10 |
| Germany | 1.40 | 1.40 | 1.50 | 1.60 | 1.60 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 5.50 | 5.60 | 5.80 | 6.00 | 6.10 | 6.20 | 6.20 | 6.30 | 6.50 | 6.60 |
| Greece | 8.10 | 7.10 | 10.10 | 12.50 | 12.20 | 14.00 | 12.30 | 12.10 | 7.20 | 3.30 | 2.70 | 4.10 | 5.80 | 8.60 | 8.30 | 7.00 | 7.70 | 8.00 | 10.30 | 10.00 | 11.30 | 12.60 | 13.80 | 13.90 | 11.80 | 10.10 | 12.00 | 11.20 | 11.50 | 10.50 | 11.20 | 10.80 | 10.60 | 10.80 | 11.10 | 11.50 |
| Hungary | 10.80 | 10.60 | 10.60 | 11.70 | 12.60 | 13.40 | 12.40 | 12.80 | 12.00 | 13.60 | 13.80 | 13.90 | 13.00 | 11.70 | 10.90 | 11.00 | 11.50 | 12.70 | 12.10 | 12.00 | 10.90 | 10.90 | 9.80 | 9.60 | 9.30 | 9.90 | 13.00 | 11.80 | 10.80 | 9.60 | 9.00 | 8.00 | 7.60 | 8.30 | 9.80 | 10.50 |
| Iceland | 9.10 | 9.10 | 1.70 | 1.40 | 2.30 | 2.80 | 2.70 | 2.00 | 3.50 | 4.80 | 6.20 | 2.60 | 2.50 | 2.50 | 3.10 | 2.30 | 3.30 | 4.50 | 5.60 | 5.80 | 7.50 | 7.70 | 8.70 | 8.90 | 9.50 | 10.60 | 11.00 | 9.00 | 8.20 | 8.50 | 9.00 | 8.90 | 8.70 | 10.00 | 9.50 | 8.90 |
| Ireland | 2.90 | 2.20 | 2.80 | 2.20 | 2.80 | 4.10 | 5.00 | 5.60 | 4.50 | 5.40 | 5.60 | 5.80 | 4.50 | 5.10 | 5.20 | 6.90 | 7.20 | 8.60 | 8.20 | 8.70 | 8.70 | 8.60 | 8.70 | 7.90 | 8.10 | 7.90 | 9.40 | 9.60 | 9.40 | 9.20 | 8.70 | 8.60 | 8.20 | 7.90 | 7.70 | 7.60 |
| Israel | 3.20 | 3.80 | 4.00 | 5.40 | 6.20 | 6.90 | 6.80 | 7.10 | 7.70 | 8.30 | 9.20 | 9.40 | 9.80 | 9.10 | 9.20 | 9.30 | 9.00 | 8.90 | 8.80 | 9.80 | 10.30 | 10.70 | 11.10 | 12.00 | 12.80 | 13.20 | 11.00 | 9.00 | 8.20 | 8.50 | 9.00 | 8.90 | 8.70 | 10.00 | 9.50 | 8.90 |
| Italy | 3.30 | 3.40 | 3.70 | 3.90 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.20 | 4.50 | 4.80 | 5.00 | 5.20 | 5.60 | 6.30 | 6.50 | 6.50 | 6.30 | 6.50 | 6.70 | 7.20 | 7.60 | 8.00 | 8.20 | 8.40 | 8.50 | 8.90 | 9.00 | 9.10 | 9.10 | 9.20 | 9.30 | 9.70 | 9.80 | 9.90 | 9.70 | 9.70 | 9.60 |
| Japan | 4.10 | 4.20 | 4.20 | 4.30 | 4.40 | 4.50 | 4.50 | 4.50 | 4.60 | 4.70 | 4.70 | 4.70 | 4.90 | 5.10 | 5.30 | 5.50 | 5.50 | 5.60 | 5.50 | 5.50 | 5.50 | 5.50 | 5.60 | 5.60 | 5.60 | 5.70 | 6.00 | 6.10 | 6.30 | 6.60 | 6.90 | 7.10 | 7.30 | 7.40 | 7.60 | 7.70 |
| Luxembourg | 2.60 | 2.10 | 1.70 | 1.20 | 1.40 | 1.70 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 0.90 | 0.80 | 0.60 | 2.00 | 2.40 | 2.90 | 1.90 | 3.70 | 3.80 | 5.30 | 4.00 | 4.40 | 3.00 | 3.50 | 3.30 | 4.30 | 4.40 | 5.70 | 6.50 | 6.70 | 6.10 | 6.10 | 6.30 | 7.30 | 7.80 | 7.70 | 7.80 | 7.90 |
| Mexico | 7.20 | 7.50 | 8.10 | 9.40 | 9.80 | 12.30 | 11.90 | 12.20 | 11.80 | 11.10 | 13.10 | 11.50 | 12.20 | 8.60 | 9.30 | 8.70 | 10.90 | 10.00 | 9.10 | 9.10 | 10.00 | 12.30 | 12.50 | 13.20 | 12.80 | 12.80 | 13.30 | 14.30 | 15.00 | 16.00 | 15.70 | 15.10 | 15.10 | 15.00 | 14.70 | 14.00 |
| Netherlands | 2.20 | 2.20 | 2.00 | 1.90 | 2.10 | 2.50 | 2.90 | 3.00 | 3.20 | 3.40 | 3.80 | 4.30 | 4.80 | 5.20 | 5.30 | 5.60 | 5.80 | 6.00 | 6.20 | 6.60 | 7.00 | 7.20 | 7.10 | 7.20 | 7.20 | 7.40 | 7.40 | 7.60 | 7.40 | 7.70 | 7.90 | 8.30 | 8.80 | 9.00 | 9.10 | 9.10 |
| New Zealand | 3.70 | 3.30 | 2.10 | 4.60 | 5.70 | 7.10 | 6.00 | 5.80 | 5.60 | 4.90 | 7.00 | 6.70 | 6.10 | 3.80 | 3.90 | 4.50 | 6.30 | 6.90 | 7.40 | 6.20 | 7.10 | 8.00 | 9.30 | 9.00 | 9.10 | 9.40 | 10.80 | 10.80 | 10.60 | 9.70 | 9.10 | 8.60 | 8.50 | 8.40 | 8.70 | 8.90 |
| Norway | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 7.40 | 7.60 | 7.60 | 7.60 | 7.20 | 7.00 | 6.70 | 6.80 | 6.90 | 6.90 |
| Poland | 6.30 | 5.30 | 4.20 | 5.40 | 8.10 | 8.40 | 7.60 | 6.70 | 7.80 | 9.40 | 10.20 | 10.60 | 10.00 | 8.90 | 7.80 | 7.90 | 8.00 | 8.30 | 8.70 | 9.20 | 9.70 | 9.60 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.30 | 11.30 | 11.70 | 12.30 | 13.00 | 13.10 | 13.10 | 13.40 | 14.10 | 14.90 | 15.10 |
| Portugal | 10.80 | 10.30 | 6.10 | 5.80 | 5.60 | 7.70 | 11.20 | 12.90 | 12.80 | 18.70 | 23.50 | 26.40 | 20.10 | 15.50 | 14.30 | 16.70 | 17.50 | 19.00 | 18.80 | 18.30 | 16.40 | 16.20 | 16.20 | 16.70 | 16.70 | 16.00 | 14.90 | 14.90 | 16.40 | 16.70 | 18.70 | 20.00 | 20.10 | 19.20 | 16.90 | 16.80 |
| Russia | 13.00 | 12.10 | 11.30 | 10.20 | 10.50 | 11.00 | 11.10 | 10.60 | 10.40 | 9.60 | 9.70 | 10.10 | 11.30 | 12.20 | 12.60 | 11.50 | 10.60 | 9.70 | 9.90 | 9.70 | 9.50 | 10.20 | 12.20 | 13.70 | 14.50 | 15.60 | 17.40 | 16.80 | 16.20 | 16.30 | 17.00 | 17.20 | 17.20 | 17.60 | 15.50 | 15.00 |
| Slovakia | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.90 | 4.70 | 7.70 | 12.20 | 11.70 | 9.90 | 8.60 | 8.80 | 9.50 | 8.90 | 9.50 | 9.30 | 10.20 | 8.70 | 8.80 | 7.30 | 9.20 | 8.60 | 9.90 | 9.70 | 11.30 | 11.10 | 10.90 | 10.20 | 9.60 | 11.10 | 11.70 | 12.10 | 10.00 | 9.20 |
| Slovenia | .. | 13.90 | 11.50 | 11.50 | 12.20 | 11.00 | 11.10 | 13.70 | 14.30 | 10.60 | 6.90 | 7.60 | 9.90 | 9.70 | 9.30 | 7.30 | 5.70 | 5.90 | 6.00 | 7.70 | 8.50 | 10.30 | 11.20 | 12.30 | 14.00 | 14.30 | 15.30 | 14.60 | 14.30 | 13.00 | 12.80 | 11.70 | 10.80 | 10.90 | 11.10 | 12.10 |
| Spain | 5.30 | 5.70 | 5.90 | 6.30 | 6.10 | 5.80 | 5.80 | 6.00 | 6.40 | 6.40 | 6.80 | 7.50 | 8.90 | 9.90 | 10.90 | 10.90 | 10.40 | 9.90 | 10.20 | 10.30 | 10.70 | 10.90 | 11.40 | 11.20 | 11.60 | 12.20 | 14.70 | 14.60 | 15.20 | 15.70 | 16.40 | 16.30 | 15.80 | 15.20 | 18.50 | 20.20 |
| Sweden | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.10 | 2.20 | 2.70 | 3.30 | 4.00 | 4.20 | 4.40 | 4.30 | 4.70 | 5.20 | 5.50 | 6.00 | 6.80 | 7.20 | 7.20 | 6.60 | 6.90 | 7.60 | 8.10 | 8.40 | 8.30 | 8.40 | 8.50 | 8.60 | 9.30 | 9.20 | 8.90 | 8.90 | 8.80 | 9.00 | 9.00 | 8.90 | 9.00 | 8.90 |
| Switzerland | 1.70 | 1.60 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 2.00 | 2.10 | 2.50 | 2.40 | 2.40 | 2.30 | 2.50 | 2.60 | 2.70 | 3.20 | 3.70 | 4.40 | 4.70 | 5.10 | 5.20 | 5.70 | 5.80 | 6.40 | 6.60 | 7.30 | 7.70 | 8.00 | 8.60 | 9.20 | 9.20 | 9.50 | 9.30 | 9.90 | 9.70 | 9.80 | 9.90 | 10.20 |
| Turkey | 8.30 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 11.60 | .. | 5.60 | 13.50 | 11.60 | 14.60 | 4.40 | 5.20 | 4.80 | 7.80 | 8.10 | 10.50 | 8.70 | 6.50 | 5.70 | 6.60 | 8.30 | 7.00 | 6.80 | 6.20 | 7.10 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 6.90 | 7.00 | 7.60 | 8.30 | 8.70 | 8.60 | 9.70 | 11.00 | 12.30 |
| United Kingdom | 2.40 | 2.30 | 2.50 | 2.40 | 2.70 | 2.80 | 3.10 | 3.40 | 3.60 | 4.00 | 4.20 | 4.80 | 5.30 | 5.80 | 5.90 | 6.20 | 6.50 | 6.70 | 7.00 | 7.30 | 7.50 | 7.60 | 7.50 | 7.80 | 7.90 | 8.20 | 8.80 | 8.70 | 8.50 | 8.40 | 8.30 | 8.20 | 8.20 | 8.30 | 8.50 | 8.60 |
| United States | 3.30 | 3.40 | 3.60 | 3.90 | 4.30 | 4.70 | 5.00 | 5.20 | 5.40 | 5.70 | 6.00 | 6.30 | 6.50 | 6.70 | 7.00 | 7.20 | 7.50 | 7.70 | 8.00 | 8.30 | 8.60 | 9.00 | 9.20 | 9.20 | 9.20 | 9.40 | 9.90 | 10.00 | 10.10 | 10.20 | 10.20 | 10.30 | 10.30 | 10.40 | 10.30 | 10.20 |