Tertiary education

Primary Dataset

Secondary Dataset

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Tertiary education

percent of public expenditure on education, 1995–2020

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Country	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Afghanistan																78.94	77.55	65.43	67.15	72.43	68.05
Albania																			85.18	87.99	90.80	91.52	92.25	89.85	88.96
American Samoa												98.25
Andorra												96.70	90.84	95.16	94.55	94.55	94.55	96.64	98.72	99.47	98.74	99.95	99.17	99.20	98.93
Angola												71.11
Antigua and Barbuda								99.52	99.31	99.10	98.89	98.67	98.46	98.25	98.04	98.33	98.62	92.11	85.61	79.10	72.59	66.08	59.58	53.07
Argentina				95.87	96.97	98.08	99.18	99.07	99.06	99.84	99.35	98.86	99.08	98.84	98.64	98.56	96.65	94.74	97.11	97.25	95.50	95.70	95.45	99.05	99.31
Armenia																		99.52	99.45	98.79	100.00	99.64	98.93	98.21	97.48	96.76
Aruba				98.73	98.18	100.00	97.30	100.00	99.69	99.38	99.07	99.53	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
Australia	89.49	89.67	89.84	90.02	90.20	90.38	90.30	90.21	90.13	90.05	89.96	89.27	88.73	87.63	86.93	87.02	85.80	86.41	87.02	87.87	88.57	88.94	88.61	87.65
Austria				91.70	95.37	96.75	96.48	94.99	96.93	94.23	91.69	93.78	91.79	93.68	93.30	90.64	92.65	93.53	92.37	92.92	91.83	90.42	91.40	90.20
Azerbaijan						99.10	98.82	99.56	99.46	98.64	99.36	99.11	98.31	97.84	98.48	98.54	99.41	99.76	99.77	99.79	99.86	98.46	99.08	96.39	93.23
Bangladesh													79.57	86.96	88.01	87.12	98.53	98.21	96.63	95.04	93.45	91.87	88.26	84.65	81.05	81.19
Barbados					100.00	100.00	99.06	99.63	99.81	99.94	99.53	95.04	90.55	98.84	98.94	99.51	99.12	98.73	98.34	100.00	100.00	100.00	99.03	98.07	97.10	99.94
Belarus										94.49	94.17	88.39	91.34	92.77	94.19	89.62	92.30	80.50	88.86	91.81	95.08	96.05	94.09	93.25	92.40	92.56
Belgium											96.97	96.95	96.94	96.92	97.05	97.00	96.96	96.30	95.65	95.57	95.01	95.05	95.09	94.50
Belize							53.04
Benin				96.02	92.60	89.18	85.76	82.33	78.91	75.49	72.07	68.65	91.04	91.56	84.00	97.85	96.62	95.39	95.70	94.72	90.04
Bermuda																				98.06	97.53	97.00	96.47	95.93
Bosnia and Herzegovina																						95.65	95.94	96.23
Botswana															92.25
Brazil				97.64	97.05	96.92	92.94	90.92	93.81	96.70	94.84	94.07	95.09	88.65	86.39	86.87	91.99	90.58	90.69	92.04	95.64	95.09	97.35	96.73
British Virgin Islands													100.00
Brunei																						97.45
Bulgaria							99.41	93.60	94.08	91.59	89.10	87.12	73.94	84.29	87.63	93.89	93.48	91.43	91.95	92.42	92.90	93.38	93.85
Burkina Faso													78.72
Burundi					94.05	92.12	90.19	94.03	94.97	95.91	96.30	96.69	97.07	97.46	92.99	97.12	96.71	98.73	97.19
Cambodia															100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
Cameroon														76.43	100.00	69.73	86.32	100.00	63.23
Canada				94.44	94.20	93.95	93.70	93.46	93.21	92.96	92.72	92.47	91.50	90.54	88.37	87.65	85.20	88.08	90.97	91.40	91.27	92.80	89.65	90.00
Cape Verde										81.48	67.72	53.97	70.88	87.80	74.82	79.86	84.89	89.93	94.96	100.00	94.71	88.70	90.61	92.53	94.44
Central African Republic											98.68	98.79	98.90	96.71	96.27	95.83
Chad																	67.72	23.70	33.13	42.56	51.98	61.41	70.83	80.26	89.68	99.11
Chile					91.79	91.96	91.07	90.17	93.17	85.01	92.14	92.09	92.60	95.50	94.94	94.66	94.14	94.52	94.91	95.29	95.67	96.06	96.44	93.20
China					77.56
Colombia										87.19	90.39	93.60	96.80	100.00	74.88	49.76	53.58	52.10	54.93	47.06	45.59	50.72	49.30	57.33	89.37
Comoros				100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
Congo (Brazzaville)																65.30	70.21	75.12	80.04
Congo (Kinshasa)																94.68	96.40	98.13	99.85
Costa Rica																						100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
Croatia					96.24	96.86	94.40	91.28	92.96	97.50	95.95	94.40	92.85	98.78	82.78	87.64	90.16	91.51	92.87	91.23	90.11	90.73	91.35
Cuba						85.57	84.14	85.85	83.68	81.51	84.76	87.44	96.95	98.50	98.68	99.18
Curacao																			100.00
Cyprus						75.10	76.58	65.12	74.86	79.87	81.01	79.57	83.47	73.28	79.52	84.39	89.19	90.90	92.60	94.80	91.10	88.67	74.36
Czechia				87.65	87.28	89.57	88.07	88.10	86.13	86.67	84.09	88.01	81.05	87.84	89.35	91.18	79.90	90.32	91.40	92.89	89.94	92.36	92.98	83.38
Denmark				86.89	87.30	85.87	92.01	94.30	94.24	94.42	96.63	96.53	96.32	95.47	96.34	97.21	98.10	92.26	94.57	96.88	96.79	96.69	96.59	95.01
Dominican Republic								97.40	96.01	94.62	93.23	91.84	90.45
Ecuador																									91.25	92.90
El Salvador						98.33	99.17	100.00	97.95	98.36	98.76	79.13	81.77	84.42	87.06	89.71	92.35	99.03	98.92	98.80	98.68	98.92	98.08	99.11	97.55
Eritrea						47.14	35.58	24.02	43.88	63.74
Estonia							88.71	95.68	98.71	99.49	98.65	97.81	96.97	96.13	95.29	94.45	93.60	92.76	91.92	94.81	89.25	95.88	91.24	82.15
Eswatini																				99.47
Ethiopia															46.66	42.92	44.13	47.80	47.95	43.76	49.19
Finland					93.17	93.54	93.27	94.40	95.01	94.09	95.64	95.57	96.72	95.99	96.07	97.58	96.21	96.65	97.01	97.06	95.85	96.59	94.17	96.93
France				88.58	88.75	88.93	89.10	89.27	89.44	89.61	89.78	89.95	90.13	90.30	90.47	90.64	90.81	90.98	91.15	91.32	91.50	91.67	91.84	91.94
Gambia														95.61	100.00	85.96	87.38	84.78
Georgia																					92.09
Germany				88.29	88.75	89.21	89.67	90.13	90.59	91.05	91.51	91.97	91.83	90.12	89.86	89.45	88.50	89.66	90.97	91.30	90.83	91.60	91.47	91.76
Ghana							99.67	96.32	92.97	89.62	81.53	85.14	73.12	77.43	79.27	73.31	85.98	98.65	93.64	77.27
Greece				69.88	62.91	75.62	60.09	59.92	59.22	66.73	65.84	65.08	64.32	63.56	62.81	62.05	61.29	60.53	59.77	59.01	58.25	57.39	56.69	56.12
Grenada									81.36
Guatemala												100.00	97.85	95.70	97.85	100.00	100.00	96.66	92.62	95.54	81.02	99.24	97.48	87.84	88.15	89.98
Guinea														96.70	89.58	75.64	94.58	98.41	66.82	72.98	72.98	72.98	72.98	72.62	96.66	98.62
Guinea Bissau																71.63	62.83	76.70	95.27
Guyana								82.60	87.98	93.35	91.49	86.04	92.78	89.17	85.57	94.08	94.13	93.13
Honduras																		89.90	78.43	91.17	91.04	90.52	92.20	91.97	89.98
Hong Kong										95.93	95.81	86.80	77.79	76.45	38.46	80.18	72.48	60.16
Hungary				88.44	86.87	82.37	82.24	82.69	85.17	87.29	87.57	88.51	90.60	91.02	84.12	88.56	86.02	92.69	90.41	86.96	89.87	83.49	81.14	81.33
Iceland										91.51	95.00	92.42	82.05	91.29	99.95	93.52	95.72	94.42	94.92	94.76	93.62	93.41	97.59	96.96
India					98.43	98.82	98.89	98.96	99.04	98.30	97.55
Indonesia													88.04	86.12	78.37	72.88	74.56	71.74	80.33	81.37	77.76
Iran						83.95	83.05	82.15	83.36	84.57	85.78	86.99	88.20	89.41	90.62	91.84	93.05	94.26	95.47	93.72	96.01	94.55	87.49	88.67	92.16	90.08
Ireland				91.16	87.59	84.03	81.60	86.94	95.08	94.68	95.06	93.47	91.68	90.72	88.96	89.51	93.00	94.10	93.11	94.04	94.42	95.84	98.24	98.27
Israel				85.86	90.00	90.84	92.81	92.02	90.30	88.69	87.68	89.72	90.33	87.67	86.62	81.78	83.60	83.13	78.17	75.61	86.32	87.37	86.41	85.77
Italy				81.69	82.27	82.85	83.03	83.40	86.65	88.77	89.36	89.27	88.15	88.93	91.03	91.71	90.92	90.76	84.99	90.81	90.44	92.87	93.69	90.62
Ivory Coast				80.82	85.12	86.59	88.07	89.54	91.01	92.48	93.95	95.42	94.20	93.74	94.51	95.78	83.34	74.31	82.99	92.44	90.57	73.88	82.46	82.08
Jamaica								84.73	92.04	99.35	99.68	99.79	99.89	100.00	100.00	97.76	95.52	99.22	98.68	98.14	98.28	95.79	95.30	98.09	99.52
Japan				84.31	80.06	79.16	82.71	84.45	82.14	84.84	91.53	88.09	90.48	87.67	84.40	81.12	87.94	88.69	86.82	81.01	85.31	89.60	89.92	91.80
Jordan					76.48	75.98	75.49	74.99	74.50	74.00	73.50	73.01	72.51	72.02	71.52	71.03	70.53	70.04	69.54	69.04	68.55	68.05	94.47	27.17	35.31
Kazakhstan								79.91	78.68	77.46	82.46	85.98	84.60	86.51	89.39	86.36	90.69	88.71	92.95	95.73	94.24	95.21	95.72	97.54	100.00
Kenya																	97.26	92.88	100.00	100.00	97.62
Kuwait								82.52	83.02	83.51	84.00
Kyrgyzstan											93.12	92.70	89.47	86.69	89.91	93.77	94.52	95.26	93.88	99.28	99.69	99.58	99.78	99.92	97.71
Laos															52.56	66.65	61.57	69.96	61.40	60.18
Latvia					90.91	79.17	100.00	100.00	94.44	95.83	92.53	89.23	91.11	93.81	96.21	89.77	82.30	79.75	81.43	74.35	66.62	96.21	94.30	83.88
Lebanon								99.57	99.57	99.57	99.58	99.58	99.38	97.41	97.57	97.74	97.69	100.00
Lesotho					90.89	93.68	96.47	96.43	96.39	96.35	96.30	96.26	96.22	96.18	96.56	96.95	97.33	97.71	98.09	98.47	98.85	99.24	99.62	100.00
Lithuania							93.59	91.42	92.69	90.52	89.35	85.98	82.94	87.50	91.38	83.03	75.07	75.31	77.67	73.38	72.34	92.42	92.52	93.75
Luxembourg																		86.58	73.85	69.47	74.66	83.77	92.87	92.88
Macau															89.58	50.23	35.79	25.39	67.06	84.84	89.05	90.44	93.67	80.18	77.65
Madagascar											78.25	97.75	89.39	88.11	87.46	86.81	86.16	99.56	94.45	93.26	92.06	93.89	95.21
Malawi																97.94	99.35	98.09	96.75	95.41	98.29	92.16
Malaysia				63.11	61.75	53.98	48.59	53.03	64.15	89.00	83.78	78.55	58.35	99.38	70.64	66.65	76.62	82.65	81.10	82.98	84.86	86.74	81.68	83.53	80.35
Maldives															99.68	98.08	92.95	99.68	99.84	99.88	99.84	99.96
Mali														88.78	86.02	92.13	81.92	89.93	88.93	89.64	88.98	93.93	97.50
Malta				93.53	93.04	92.55	92.06	91.57	93.17	94.77	95.26	95.74	96.23	93.50	96.44	81.63	74.62	96.28	77.95	90.43	79.34	75.34	79.98
Marshall Islands																									100.00
Mauritius																98.64
Mexico							95.70	97.28	94.78	96.92	95.50	95.68	95.23	94.36	93.56	91.48	92.42	93.19	92.28	91.91	92.76	93.90	96.15	96.65
Moldova												100.00	87.26	86.11	95.13	93.68	92.74	93.67	90.60	94.86	95.52	96.30	94.65	92.39	93.25
Mongolia				100.00	100.00	100.00	98.65	97.30	97.57	97.84	98.11	98.38	98.65	98.92	99.19	99.46	99.73	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	70.67	41.35
Morocco				87.60	88.11	87.77	87.42	87.07	86.72	86.38	86.03	85.68	85.33	84.99	84.64
Mozambique												86.28	85.35	84.43	83.51	82.59	81.66	80.74	80.74
Myanmar (Burma)																	60.11	58.56	57.01	55.46	53.92	52.37	50.82	50.96	51.10
Namibia						86.70	87.65	88.60	89.55	90.50	91.45	92.40	93.35	94.30	95.25	96.20	97.15	98.10	99.05	100.00
Nepal																82.37	82.38	82.43	82.43	82.36	82.39
Netherlands				92.69	89.39	89.11	87.37	87.22	87.75	88.94	89.19	87.86	87.31	85.61	91.41	90.12	90.42	89.02	88.07	87.43	88.52	89.15	89.06	89.41
Nicaragua																82.00
Niger												98.93	97.24	95.55	92.66	91.48	79.95	81.36	87.76	83.74	98.03	93.61	93.72	96.72
North Macedonia								98.88
Norway				88.26	87.94	88.68	90.42	90.64	91.14	89.32	90.62	93.95	94.15	94.00	94.07	93.43	94.16	93.42	92.68	92.33	90.27	87.32	87.91	88.23
Oman								96.65	92.36	88.08	83.79	79.50	75.21	70.93	66.64	62.35	58.06	53.78	49.49	45.20	40.91	36.63	45.16	53.68	62.21	70.74
Pakistan																			71.52
Panama							96.40	58.99	61.79	64.59	67.39	70.19	72.99	75.79	78.59	81.39	84.19	86.99	95.74
Paraguay								98.68	99.14	98.43	95.02	91.60	88.19	89.28	90.37	91.45	89.84	91.85	92.66	93.48	94.30	95.12	95.22	95.32	95.42	95.52
Peru				87.69	88.76	87.15	85.55	93.49	85.58	80.66	84.94	77.99	67.57	78.99	79.75	82.17	83.12	83.54	83.49	80.61	85.34	86.51	82.36	81.29	82.75	84.40
Philippines				86.61	91.01	95.41	95.41	97.81	97.74	97.72	98.39	96.52	94.66	86.55	87.46
Poland				84.69	78.16	92.50	96.16	96.67	89.18	87.56	87.80	85.47	85.05	87.31	86.90	80.59	78.23	80.08	82.32	84.56	83.32	91.61	90.94	87.82
Portugal				84.41	85.08	85.67	87.04	88.55	94.93	93.67	90.36	89.47	91.07	92.53	94.78	91.53	92.12	92.97	93.82	93.77	92.15	93.49	94.84	94.98
Puerto Rico																			100.00	100.00
Romania				89.11	88.60	88.10	87.60	83.27	77.60	91.33	92.48	67.60	80.31	74.11	76.50	85.68	87.77	89.15	90.56	93.87	94.31	93.13	93.99	94.74
Russia																		85.31	86.02	78.88	87.52	88.80	90.08	89.96
Rwanda																93.40	90.81	83.71	82.22	49.67	17.12	18.94	46.57	74.20
Saint Kitts and Nevis				62.20	64.30	66.40	68.50	70.60	72.70	74.80	76.90	79.00	81.10	83.20	85.30	87.40	89.50	91.60	93.70	95.80	97.90	100.00
Saint Lucia						99.77
Saint Vincent and Grenadines											100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
Samoa																						100.00
San Marino																							98.19	95.63	96.51
Senegal															97.75	94.31	97.75	91.51	52.59	68.85	79.19	90.10
Serbia													94.34	94.79	96.55	96.12	96.42	96.71	97.07	97.44	97.81	95.95	89.14	96.14	96.35
Seychelles																		92.01	86.82	96.81	98.41	100.00
Sierra Leone													100.00	89.87	99.49	93.68	97.16	100.00	99.89	99.78
Singapore														87.14	95.39	93.28	93.70	98.32	92.97	93.20	93.43	93.67	97.75	97.67	98.82
Slovakia					90.71	89.83	90.26	90.08	89.89	91.41	91.98	90.59	93.33	91.44	90.73	78.51	80.62	81.16	83.04	83.02	64.69	92.93	92.94	93.94
Slovenia									91.42	90.80	86.42	89.02	87.90	86.47	87.83	89.68	90.10	88.89	83.37	85.12	89.64	92.60	92.54	91.60
South Africa							98.45	99.20	99.96	99.90	99.85	95.90	99.95	99.94	99.91	99.77	99.83	99.89	99.94	100.00	98.28	96.57	94.85	95.27	95.29	95.44
South Korea				65.97	68.48	69.64	70.81	71.97	73.13	74.29	75.45	76.61	77.77	78.93	80.09	81.25	82.41	83.57	84.73	85.89	87.06	86.96	86.86	86.93
South Sudan																			100.00	90.20	100.00	100.00
Spain					77.99	78.44	79.98	80.49	79.80	80.99	83.16	81.86	80.41	79.36	81.22	81.58	81.58	84.33	86.93	87.75	87.12	88.85	87.71	88.26
Sri Lanka																63.61	56.92	64.23	59.68	55.33	59.15	59.13	65.32	60.68
Sweden				100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	95.76	96.01	96.12	96.39	96.54	96.75	96.74	96.64	96.63	96.54	96.40	96.30	96.30	96.26
Switzerland				88.02	83.23	88.38	88.45	89.27	89.59	90.67	91.18	91.31	94.11	91.05	90.91	90.10	88.61	88.93	90.69	88.88	90.11	89.66
Tajikistan					88.26	86.69	85.13	83.57	82.01	80.44	78.88	77.32	75.75	74.19	72.63	71.07	69.50	67.94	66.38	64.81	63.25
Thailand																89.24	82.67	88.04	86.38	95.92
Timor Leste														80.03	96.28	100.00	94.10	93.18	97.30	95.40
Togo				99.45	99.58	99.72	99.51	99.30	99.08	98.87	98.66	98.44	98.23	98.02	97.81	97.59	92.78	100.00	100.00	88.39	90.98	90.30	99.59
Tunisia					73.64	74.15	75.23	75.12	76.44	77.77	79.09	80.42	81.74	82.41	75.52	76.42
Turkey					79.74	78.52	79.83	78.05	82.85	82.26	80.43	78.61	79.08	79.54	80.01	80.48	80.95	81.41	81.88	82.35	82.82	83.28	83.75	84.22
Turkmenistan																		96.81
Turks and Caicos					19.33	24.29	29.25	34.20	39.16	44.11	49.07	54.03	58.98	63.94	68.89	73.85	78.81	83.76	88.72	93.67	98.63
Uganda										75.46	79.03	82.61	86.18	89.76	93.33	94.30	88.80	96.57	94.42	91.25
Ukraine				98.74	90.98	83.22	84.38	85.55	86.71	87.87	89.04	90.20	91.36	92.53	93.69	94.85	96.02	96.55	97.70	97.88	94.50	91.12	94.03	94.55	93.67
United States																					90.06	95.34	90.29	90.92
Uruguay					94.24	94.90	94.58	94.26	95.15	95.75	95.02	93.93	93.74	93.56	93.38	93.19	93.01	92.96	92.92	92.87	92.83	93.27	94.14	93.65	92.76
Uzbekistan																								100.00	100.00	100.00
Vanuatu																									100.00	99.25
Venezuela												85.00	97.25	98.62	100.00
Vietnam															70.69	76.55	77.19	78.95	76.46
Zambia						100.00	98.81	97.62	96.43	95.24	91.79	88.35	84.90	81.45	78.00	74.55	71.11	67.66	64.21	60.76	57.31	56.23
Zimbabwe															94.77