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McDonald’s Abundance Serves the World

Blog Post | Food Prices

McDonald’s Abundance Serves the World

The premier American brand has sold a trillion burgers.

Summary: With plausibly up to a trillion burgers sold worldwide, McDonald’s has become one of the most recognizable symbols of abundance and convenience. Its cheeseburger now takes far less work time to afford than in the past, reflecting broad gains in prosperity. McDonald’s has grown into a cultural touchstone, serving communities across the globe.


In 1948, McDonald’s offered nine items on its menu. This helped simplify operations and lower costs. McDonald’s stopped officially counting its hamburger sales after surpassing 100 billion burgers in 1994. However, based on recent estimates of roughly 75 burgers sold every second—or approximately 2.36 billion per year—the total number of burgers sold by McDonald’s is likely in the hundreds of billions, with some sources suggesting McDonald’s has already sold its trillionth burger.

My favorite McDonald’s item is the cheeseburger. It’s been my top choice since 1973, when McDonald’s first came to my hometown. This product will provide you with 300 calories, 15 grams of protein, 31 grams of carbohydrates, 13 grams of fat, and 720 milligrams of sodium. I think it’s delicious and a great food value.

In 1948, entry-level workers were earning around 66 cents an hour. A 19 cent cheeseburger would cost them around 17.4 minutes. Today they’re $1.99 and entry-level food service workers are earning $18.67 an hour, putting the time price at 6.4 minutes. The time price has dropped by 63 percent: You get 2.7 cheeseburgers today for the time price of one in 1948.

Today, with over 41,800 stores in 118 countries and global sales of $130 billion, chances are, wherever you go in the world you can find the Golden Arches calling you. Approximately 93 percent of the restaurants are owned and operated by independent franchisees, which has made many of them millionaires.

Chris Arnade has written extensively about how important McDonald’s is to American culture. He has a PhD in physics from Johns Hopkins University and worked for 20 years as a trader at an elite Wall Street bank before leaving in 2012 to become a photojournalist. His writings include many beautiful photographs that reveal the central role McDonald’s plays in many communities. Please take a few minutes to enjoy his work here.

Writing this has made me hungry. Time to add to that trillion burger count.

Find more of Gale’s work at his Substack, Gale Winds.

New York Times | Food Production

Why Are Berries Everywhere, in Every Season? Driscoll’s.

“In just the last decade, berries have completed the journey from fragile, local, seasonal treat to worldwide refrigerator staple and marketing juggernaut. Global production has tripled since 2000, according to research from the U.N.’s Food and Agriculture Organization, and still cannot keep up with demand. In sales and volume, berries are the fastest-growing category in American produce, according to data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Most of that growth has been driven by Driscoll’s, a $7 billion California company that began as a multifamily farm in 1904, patented its first strain of strawberries in 1958 and is still controlled by family members. In 1989, its board made what the company calls the Meadowood Declaration, a resolution that seemed preposterous at the time: to make all four berries available, in every season, in every part of the world.”

From New York Times.

Phys.org | Agriculture

Gene Discovery Could Shave Years off Avocado Breeding

“Scientists have found a genetic switch that could shave years off avocado breeding by allowing researchers to identify one of a young tree's most important traits long before it flowers.

Researchers at UC Riverside helped identify the gene that controls whether an avocado tree has an A- or B-type flowering pattern. These flowering patterns determine how neighboring trees exchange pollen, making them an important factor in avocado production…

Avocado growers typically plant a mix of A- and B-type trees because the two flowering patterns complement one another. When one type is releasing pollen during its male phase, the other is more likely to be receiving pollen during its female phase, increasing the chances of successful pollination and fruit production…

Previously, there was no way to determine whether a seedling would become an A- or B-type tree until it matured, a process that can take five to 10 years. The newly identified genetic marker changes that. The gene, known as SDMYB, is a floral transcription factor that controls flowering behavior in avocado trees.”

From Phys.org.

Innovate Animal Ag | Treatment of Animals

In-Ovo Technology Is Making Egg Production More Humane

“Original research conducted by Innovate Animal Ag shows that as of June 1, 2026:

  • 40% of the EU’s commercial egg layer flock was sexed with in-ovo technology–a 6-point penetration increase from April 1, 2025.
  • Since 2021, over 281 million male embryos have been removed before hatching globally.
  • In Europe, in-ovo sexing technology has reached a production rate of 100 million female chicks per year, climbing from 500k chicks per month in 2021 to well over 8 million female chicks per month by the publication of this report, a CAGR of over 75%.
  • In-ovo sexing is beginning its market-based rollout in the US with over 4% of the country’s commercial layer flock having publicly announced a transition to use the technology as existing flocks are retired.
  • In Switzerland, where in-ovo sexing technology kicked off in 2025, in-ovo sexing penetration climbed rapidly and now sits at around 85 to 100% of the country’s layer flock. In Norway, in-ovo sexing has hit a 52% market penetration.
  • The global penetration of in-ovo sexing is forecasted to continue its sharp growth in the next few years, led by expansion in the US, continued strength in Europe as a consequence of Italy’s ban on male chick culling, growth in markets where the technology has recently entered such as Australia and Brazil, and potential penetration into greenfield markets like Canada and China.”

From Innovate Animal Ag.

Phys.org | Agriculture

Tiny Gene Edit Cuts Cadmium in Rice by 48 Percent

“Cadmium (Cd) contamination poses a serious threat to global food safety. As a toxic and carcinogenic heavy metal, cadmium can accumulate in agricultural soils through industrialization and urbanization before entering the human food chain. Rice is especially vulnerable because it absorbs more cadmium than other major cereal crops, making it one of the largest dietary sources of cadmium exposure for nearly half the world's population…

Addressing this challenge, a research team led by Dr. Sheng Huang and Jian Feng Ma from the Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Japan, together with Jiayang Li's group from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, used precise base-editing technology to identify a beneficial point mutation in the rice metal transporter gene OsNramp5.

Through saturation mutagenesis targeting OsNramp5, the researchers screened hundreds of genome-edited rice lines to identify variants that accumulated less cadmium while maintaining normal manganese uptake and plant performance.”

From Phys.org.